Frisch named the process by analogy with biological fission of living cells. Meitner explained it theoretically in January 1939 along with her nephew Otto Robert Frisch. Hahn understood that a 'burst' of the atomic nuclei had occurred. Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on Monday 19 December 1938, by German chemist Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann in cooperation with Austrian-Swedish physicist Lise Meitner. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. While different, the two processes have an important role in the past, present and future of energy creation.Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy. However, research continues into ways to better harness the power of fusion, but research is in experimental stages, as scientists continue to work on controlling nuclear fusion in an effort to make a fusion reactor to produce electricity.īoth fission and fusion are nuclear reactions that produce energy, but the processes are very different.

Fusion reactions are not easily controlled, and it is expensive to create the needed conditions for a fusion reaction. These benefits are countered by the difficulty in harnessing fusion. Fusion offers an appealing opportunity, since fusion creates less radioactive material than fission and has a nearly unlimited fuel supply. Some scientists believe there are opportunities to do so. While fission is used in nuclear power reactors since it can be controlled, fusion is not yet utilized to produce power. The high-speed neutrons that are ejected become projectiles that initiate other fission reactions, or chain reactions. This resulting energy is then used to heat water in nuclear reactors and ultimately produces electricity. This splits the target nucleus and breaks it down into two smaller isotopes (the fission products), three high-speed neutrons, and a large amount of energy. During the process, a neutron is accelerated and strikes the target nucleus, which in the majority of nuclear power reactors today is Uranium-235. These neutrons are accelerated and then slammed into the unstable isotope, causing it to fission, or break into smaller particles. Fission takes place when a large, somewhatunstable isotope (atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons) is bombarded by high-speed particles, usually neutrons. Just as cell’s divide, in fission an atom splits into smaller particles. Both fission and fusion alter atoms to create energy, but what is the difference between the two?įission, a term coined by scientists LIse Meitner and Otto Frisch, is named after the term “binary fission” in biology to describe cell division. The foundation of nuclear energy is harnessing the power of atoms by splitting apart, a process called fission, or combining them, called fusion.

Inside the sun, fusion reactions take place at very high temperatures and enormous gravitational pressures. Look up during the day to see one of the most powerful examples of a nuclear reactor: the sun. Inside the sun, fusion reactions take place at very high temperatures and enormous gravitational pressures

Nuclear fission reaction